Isivumelwano seRegional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), esona sivumelwano sikhulu sehlabathi sokurhweba ngokukhululekileyo, siqale ukusebenza ngomhla wokuqala wowama-2022. I-RCEP ibandakanya amalungu ali-10 e-ASEAN, i-China, iJapan, iRiphabhlikhi yaseKorea, i-Australia kunye neNew Zealand.Abemi bamazwe ali-15 'ibonke, imveliso yasekhaya kunye norhwebo zonke zithatha malunga nama-30 epesenti yehlabathi lilonke.Emva kokuba i-RCEP iqala ukusebenza, amazwe angamalungu anokonwabela amaxabiso akhethekileyo xa ethumela iimpahla kumazwe angaphandle.Ngaba iya kuzisa utshintsho olutsha?
Ikhosi kunye nomxholo wothethathethwano lweRCEP
I-RCEP yapasiswa yaziswa okokuqala kwiNgqungquthela ye-21 ye-ASEAN ngo-2012. Injongo kukuseka isivumelwano sokurhweba ngokukhululekileyo kunye nemarike ehlangeneyo ngokunciphisa iirhafu kunye nemiqobo engahlawulisiyo.Uthethathethwano lwe-RCEP lubandakanya urhwebo ngempahla, urhwebo kwiinkonzo, utyalo-mali kunye nemithetho, kwaye amazwe angamalungu e-RCEP anamanqanaba ahlukeneyo ophuhliso loqoqosho, ngoko ke adibana nazo zonke iintlobo zobunzima kwiingxoxo.
Amazwe angamalungu e-RCEP anabemi be-2.37 yeebhiliyoni, ezibalelwa kwi-30.9% yabemi bebonke, abalelwa kwi-29.9% ye-GDP yehlabathi.Kwimeko yehlabathi yokungeniswa kunye nokuthunyelwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle, ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle kubalelwa kuma-39.7% othunyelo kumazwe angaphandle kunye nempahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle yenza i-25.6%.Ixabiso lokurhweba phakathi kwamazwe angamalungu e-RCEP limalunga ne-10.4 yetriliyoni ye-USD, ibalwa kwi-27.4% yehlabathi.Kunokufunyaniswa ukuba amazwe angamalungu e-RCEP ajolise kakhulu kumazwe angaphandle, kwaye umyinge wothunyelo kumazwe angaphandle usezantsi.Phakathi kwamazwe ali-15, i-China ibambe i-10.7% yempahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle kunye ne-24% yokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kunye ne-2019, ilandelwa yi-3.7% ye-Japan, i-2.6% yezinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kunye nezithunyelwa ngaphandle. I-2.8% yokuthunyelwa ngaphandle.Amazwe alishumi e-ASEAN enza i-7.5% yokuthumela ngaphandle kunye ne-7.2% yezinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle.
I-Indiya irhoxile kwisivumelwano se-RCEP, kodwa ukuba i-Indiya ijoyina kamva, amandla okusebenzisa isivumelwano aya kongezwa ngakumbi.
Impembelelo yeSivumelwano se-RCEP kwizinto ezilukiweyo kunye nempahla
Kukho iyantlukwano enkulu yezoqoqosho phakathi kwamazwe angamalungu, uninzi lwawo ngamazwe asakhasayo, kwaye yiJapan kuphela, iNew Zealand, i-Australia, iSingapore kunye noMzantsi Korea kuphela amazwe aphuhlileyo.Umahluko wezoqoqosho phakathi kwamazwe angamalungu e-RCEP nawo wenza utshintshiselwano lwempahla lwahluke.Makhe sigxininise kwimeko ye-textile kunye nempahla.
Ngo-2019, iimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kunye neempahla zamazwe angamalungu e-RCEP zazingama-374.6 eebhiliyoni zeedola, zibalelwa kwi-46.9% yehlabathi, ngelixa izinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle zaziyi-138.5 yeebhiliyoni zeedola, zibalelwa kwi-15.9% yehlabathi.Ngaloo ndlela kunokubonwa ukuba iimpahla ezilukiweyo kunye nempahla yamazwe angamalungu e-RCEP zijolise kakhulu kumazwe angaphandle.Njengoko ikhonkco lemizi-mveliso yelaphu kunye nempahla yamazwe angamalungu yayingaqinisekanga, imveliso kunye nokuthengiswa kweempahla ezilukiweyo kunye nempahla nazo zahlukile, apho iVietnam, iKhambodiya, iMyanmar, i-Indonesia kunye neminye imimandla ye-ASEAN yayingabathengisi ngaphandle, kwaye kunjalo neTshayina.ISingapore, iBrunei, iiPhilippines, iJapan, iSouth Korea, iOstreliya kunye neNew Zealand yayingabarhwebi abavela kwamanye amazwe.Emva kokuba i-RCEP iqalise ukusebenza, iintlawulo phakathi kwamazwe angamalungu ziya kuncitshiswa kakhulu kwaye iindleko zorhwebo ziya kuhla, ngoko amashishini asekhaya akayi kujongana nokhuphiswano lwasekhaya kuphela, kodwa nokhuphiswano oluvela kwiimpawu zangaphandle luya kubonakala ngakumbi, ngakumbi imarike yaseTshayina yimveliso enkulu kunye nenkulu. umrhwebi phakathi kwamazwe angamalungu, kunye nexabiso lemveliso yelaphu kunye nempahla kuMzantsi-mpuma Asia kunye neminye imimandla ngokucacileyo isezantsi kunaleyo yaseTshayina, ngoko ke ezinye iimveliso ziyakuchatshazelwa ziimpawu zaphesheya.
Ngokwembono yokungeniswa kunye nokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kunye nempahla kumazwe angamalungu aphambili, ngaphandle kweNew Zealand, iSouth Korea neJapan, amanye amazwe angamalungu ikakhulu athumela impahla ngaphandle, encediswa ngamalaphu, ngelixa isakhiwo sokungeniswa sikwi ngokuchaseneyo.IKhambodiya, iMyanmar, iVietnam, iLaos, i-Indonesia, iiPhilippines, iThailand, iChina kunye neMalaysia ikakhulu zingenisa iimpahla ezilukiweyo.Ukusukela koku, sinokubona ukuba umgangatho osezantsi wokulungisa iimpahla zabasebenzisi bommandla we-ASEAN womelele, kwaye ukhuphiswano lwamazwe ngamazwe luye lwanda kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kodwa ikhonkco lemizi-mveliso elinyukayo lalingagqibelelanga kwaye lalingenalo unikezelo lwalo lwezinto ezikrwada kunye nesiqingatha. -iimveliso ezigqityiweyo.Ke ngoko, ummandla onyukayo nophakathi wawuxhomekeke kakhulu ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe, ngelixa imimandla ephuhlileyo efana neJapan kunye noMzantsi Korea ubukhulu becala yayingenisa amalaphu kunye nempahla, ezazizezona ndawo zisetyenziswayo.Kakade ke, phakathi kwala mazwe angamalungu, i-China yayingeyona kuphela indawo ephambili yokuvelisa kodwa kunye neyona ndawo iphambili yokusetyenziswa, kwaye i-industrial chain chain yayigqibelele, ngoko kukho zombini amathuba kunye nemingeni emva kokunciphisa irhafu.
Ukuqwalasela imixholo yesivumelwano se-RCEP, Emva kokuba isivumelwano se-RCEP siqalise ukusebenza, kunokunceda ukunciphisa kakhulu iirhafu kunye nokuzalisekisa ukuzinikela ekuvuleni utyalo-mali kwiinkonzo, kwaye ngaphezu kwe-90% yorhwebo kwimpahla kummandla ekugqibeleni uya kufumana irhafu ye-zero. .Emva kokuthotywa kweerhafu, iindleko zorhwebo phakathi kwamazwe angamalungu ziyehla, ngoko ukukhuphisana kwamazwe angamalungu e-RCEP kuphucula kakhulu, ngoko kuyanceda ekukhuleni kokusetyenziswa, ngelixa ukukhuphisana kwempahla kunye nempahla evela kwiziseko eziphambili zemveliso ezifana neIndiya. , I-Bangladesh, iTurkey kunye nezinye iziseko ezinkulu zemveliso ziye zancipha kwi-RCEP.Kwangaxeshanye, awona mazwe aphambili ekuthengwe ngelaphu kunye nempahla ephuma ngaphandle kwe-EU ne-US yi-China, i-ASEAN kunye nezinye iziseko ezingundoqo zemveliso yamalaphu kunye nempahla.Phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo, ukuba nokwenzeka kweempahla ezijikelezayo phakathi kwamazwe angamalungu kuyanda, nto leyo ibeka uxinzelelo oluthile kwi-EU nase-US nakwezinye iimarike.Ukongeza, imiqobo yotyalo-mali phakathi kwamazwe angamalungu e-RCEP iwile, kwaye utyalo-mali lwaphesheya kulindeleke ukuba lunyuke.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-10-2022